Eklavya 360 – Test 21

Consider the following statements:
(1) Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization is an inter-governmental organization initiated by Indian Space Research Organization.
(2) Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum is governed by the China National Space Administration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Methanol (M-15) blended with petrol and used in the existing BS-IV standard cars have various advantages. In this context, what are the benefits of using methanol?
(1) Methanol offers excellent acceleration and power and also improves vehicle efficiency.
(2) Methanol produces fewer smog-causing emissions such as sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter.
(3) Unlike CNG, using methanol as a transportation fuel would require minimal alteration in the vehicles.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

In the context of the “Dachigam National Park”, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
(1) It is India”s first dedicated wildlife park for Clouded Leopards.
(2) The Hangul is the main animal species for which it is most famous for.
(3) It is often compared to the Grand Canyon National Park of United States.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Mangroves are trees or large shrubs which are salt-tolerant and grow in intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical regions.
Which among the following Indian states have prominent mangrove vegetation?
(1) Gujarat
(2) Goa
(3) West Bengal
(4) Maharashtra
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 3 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Mycorrhizae increase the capability of plant roots to absorb nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. In return, the roots of the host provide support and a constant supply of carbohydrates for consumption. The biotic interaction expressed by such behaviour is ____________.
(A) Mutualism
(B) Commensalism
(C) Amensalism
(D) Neutralism

Consider the following statements mentioning effects of “Global Warming” on agriculture sector:
(1) Warming of atmosphere by more than 3oC is expected to have negative effect on agricultural production all over the world.
(2) Moderate warming is expected to benefit crop yields in the temperate regions.
(3) Crop yield would be reduced in most tropical regions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

This protected site mostly consists of tropical forests along with unique genetic reservoir of cultivated plants like cardamom and pepper. It constitutes three wildlife sanctuaries and one tiger reserve. It is home to Kani tribes and occupies a prominent place in the epic Ramayana.
Which of the following protected areas could be this?
(A) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
(B) Pachmari Biosphere Reserve
(C) Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
(D) Achanakamar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

National Green Tribunal (NGT) was formed for effective and expeditious disposal of litigations/cases related to environment.
Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to NGT?
(A) NGT is mandated to dispose of the cases within 6 months of their respective appeals.
(B) India is only the third country in the world to have a dedicated green tribunal.
(C) It has jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases where a substantial question of environment is concerned.
(D) The Principal Bench of the NGT has been established in the National Capital – New Delhi.

Which of the following features has been recognized for the first time by “National Wildlife Action Plan” in its 2017-2031 edition?
(A) Landscape Approach in conservation of wildlife which have an ecological value.
(B) Increased participation of Private Sector in wildlife conservation
(C) Integrating climate change mitigation efforts with wildlife management planning.
(D) Wildlife health and control of illegal trade in wildlife.

A woman visited a few Indian states in a particular sequence during her official tour. She encountered one unique wildlife species in each state in the following order:
(1) Asiatic Lion
(2) Hangul
(3) Red Panda
(4) Great Indian Bustard
Select the correct order of the Indian states visited by the woman from the code given below:
(A) Rajasthan – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh – Gujarat
(B) Gujarat – Arunachal Pradesh – Jammu & Kashmir – Rajasthan
(C) Gujarat – Rajasthan – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh
(D) Gujarat – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh – Rajasthan

Consider the following statements with reference to “Protected Areas” in India:
(1) The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for the declaration of certain areas as Wildlife Sanctuary by the State Governments.
(2) Declaration of a national park is done by the Union Government only under the Environment Protection Act of 1986.
(3) National Parks enjoy a greater degree of protection than wildlife sanctuaries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only

Consider the following statements about “Joint Forest Management” (JFM) in Indian context:
(1) The objectives of JFM find no mention in the National Forest Policy of 1988.
(2) Under JFM, village communities are entrusted with protection and management of nearby forests.
(3) Forest departments with the help of local community form a committee to manage and protect forests.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements about “Animal Welfare Board of India”:
(1) It is a statutory body established under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
(2) Shrimati Rukmini Devi Arundale was a major contributor in setting up of the Animal Welfare Board.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is a key piece of forest legislation passed in India.
Which of the following rights are secured under it?
(1) Rights to hold and live in the forest land under the individual or common occupation for habitation.
(2) Access to collect, use and dispose off major forest produce.
(3) Habitat rights for primitive tribal groups and pre-agricultural communities.
(4) Right to protect, regenerate, conserve or manage certain community forest resources.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Which of the following are the impacts of soil pollution?
(1) Toxins enter in the food chain which causes harmful eff ects on organisms.
(2) Impairs soil stability and clay ionic structure.
(3) Release vapors and hydrocarbon into buildings and cellars.
(4) Pass the pollutants on to the consumers through food crops.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements with respect to the Project Elephant:
(1) It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 1992.
(2) The Project is being implemented in all the States of India.
(3) The first elephant reserve was the Singhbhum elephant Reserve of Jharkhand.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only

Consider the following pairs: Population Interaction:
(1) Parasitism : Both the species are benefitted
(2) Competition : Both the species are harmed
(3) Commensalism : One species is harmed and the other is unaffected
(4) Amensalism : One species is benefitted and the other is unaffected
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 3 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

With reference to keystone species, consider the following statements:
(1) A keystone species exhibits disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
(2) Tigers are keystone species as they determine the species composition in a forest.
(3) The species are exclusively native to the particular region.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding the International Whaling Commission (IWC):
(1) India is a member state.
(2) International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is the legal framework which established the IWC in 1946.
(3) Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary is one of the sanctuaries designated by IWC.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding a conservation site in India:
(1) It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
(2) Home to nearly two-thirds of the world”s population of the one horned rhinoceros
(3) It is also a tiger reserve.
Which of the following National Parks does the above statements refer to?
(A) Kaziranga National Park
(B) Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
(C) Manas National Park
(D) Nokrek National Park

With reference to productivity, consider the following statements:
(1) Net primary productivity (NPP) of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis.
(2) Net primary productivity (NPP) plus respiration losses (R), is the Gross primary productivity (GPP). Select the incorrect answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements related to environmental treaties:
(1) The Aichi targets aim at addressing the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society.
(2) Nagoya Protocol aims to achieve the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
(3) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety let countries ban imports of genetically modified organisms if they feel there is not enough scientific evidence that the product is safe.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following is/are correct about Solid Wastes Treatment methodologies?
(1) Incineration is a process of combustion in absence of oxygen or the material burnt in controlled atmosphere of oxygen.
(2) Pyrolysis is a process where huge amount of wastes are burnt in blast furnaces at high temperature.
(3) Composting is a process where bacteria and fungi decompose degradable waste into humus.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following pairs:
Type of Ecosystem : Type of Pyramid
(1) Grassland ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of number
(2) Aquatic ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of biomass
(3) Forest ecosystem : Upright pyramid of number
(4) Desert ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of energy
Which of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements with respect to the “Ecological Footprint”:
(1) The Ecological Footprint measures the capability of a country to meet its emission targets based on the available forest cover and environmental related policy framework.
(2) The Ecological Footprint represents the productive area required to provide the renewable resources humanity is using and to absorb its waste.
(3) The productive area occupied by human infrastructure is not included in calculation as it does not depict energy resources.
(4) India has the largest ecological footprint in the world followed by US and China.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only

Consider the following statements regarding the process of succession:
(1) It occurs faster in area existing in the middle of the large continent.
(2) Succession brought by living inhabitants of the community itself is called allogenic succession.
(3) Secondary succession is relatively faster as compared to primary succession.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only

The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under National Lake Conservation Policy (NLCP), the definition of “Lakes” includes the standing water bodies which have,
(1) Minimum water depth of 3 meter
(2) A spread of more than ten hectares
(3) Have no or very little aquatic vegetation (macrophytes)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) None of the above

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the mangroves?
(1) They are categorised under the tropical moist deciduous forests in India.
(2) The best locations for them are where abundant silt is brought down by rivers.
(3) They require high solar radiations and absorbs fresh water from saline water.
(4) Pneumatophores are the major adoptions to overcome the respiratory problem in the anaerobic soil conditions.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 3 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements regarding estuaries:
(1) It is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers flowing into it.
(2) They are the most productive water bodies in the world.
(3) Most of India”s major estuaries occur on the west coast.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following pairs are not correctly matched regarding the aquatic organisms?
(1) Plankton – Microscopic plants and animals.
(2) Nekton – Animals which can swim
(3) Neuston – Organisms found on the bottom of the water body.
(4) Benthos – Floating organisms inhabiting the surface layer
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements regarding the algal bloom:
(1) It takes place on the surface layer of the water ecosystem.
(2) It reduces the nutrients in the water, thus causing the death of aquatic plants.
(3) Warm water is more conducive to algal blooms than the cold water.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following characteristics of an ecosystem in India:
(1) It is home to some of India”s most magnificent grasslands.
(2) It is the nesting ground of Flamingos.
(3) The only known population of Asiatic Wild Ass lies here.
(4) It has been identified as one of the last remaining habitats of Cheetah in India.
The characteristics given above describes which of the following area?
(A) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
(B) Nilgiri Hills
(C) Great Rann of Kachchh
(D) Coromandel Coasts

Consider the following statements regarding the montane wet temperate forests of India:
(1) The forests in the northern region are denser than in the South region.
(2) The timberline in Western North India is higher than Eastern North area.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the following is the correct sequence arranged from lower trophic level to the higher trophic level?
(A) Amphipods < Phytoplanktons < Copepods < Catfish < Pelicans
(B) Phytoplanktons < Amphipods < Copepods < Pelicans < Catfish
(C) Phytoplanktons < Copepods < Amphipods < Catfish < Pelicans
(D) Copepods < Amphipods < Phytoplanktons < Pelicans < Catfish

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the aquatic ecosystems?
(1) Lentic water ecosystems are the flowing water bodies which include freshwater streams, springs and rivulets.
(2) Lotic water ecosystems are the stagnant water bodies which include pools, ponds and lakes.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements with respect to Black Carbon:
(1) Black carbon is the result of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass.
(2) It is directly emitted in the atmosphere as fine particles PM5.
(3) Black carbon warms the atmosphere by reducing albedo when deposited on snow and ice.
(4) Life time of black carbon in the atmosphere is more than 100 years.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements with respect to the Noise Pollution:
(1) The noise standards for motor vehicles are prescribed in the Schedules of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
(2) Excessive noise has been registered as a crime under the Section 268 of Indian Penal Code(IPC.)
(3) Silent zones include areas about 100m around hospitals and schools during day time only.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

With reference to Bioremediation, consider the following statements:
(1) Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms.
(2) Phyto-remediation is use of plants to remove contaminants from soil and water.
(3) All contaminants are treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following sewage management steps is/are correctly matched?
(1) Primary treatment: It is done to remove metals to prevent the grit from causing damage to the equipment.
(2) Aeration: It creates a suitable environment for natural bacteria to digest the waste in water and form activated sludge.
(3) Secondary treatment: This stage has the ability to remove up to 99 percent of the impurities from the wastewater.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following statement related to carcinogen is correct?
(A) Carcinogens change the rate of cell division, which increases the probability of abnormal DNA synthesis.
(B) Asbestos are naturally occurring carcinogens, which is harmful when it is breathed in large amounts.
(C) Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own, but promote the activity of other carcinogens.
(D) All of the above.

Which of the following terms associated with the plastic pollution have been correctly defined?
(1) Plastiglomerate: It is formed when plastic trash melts and fuses together with natural materials as sand and basalt.
(2) Plastisphere: It is a term used to refer to ecosystems that have evolved to live in human-made plastic environments.
(3) Microdebris: Plastic debris when it is larger than 20 mm.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Alga-culture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae. Which of the following is/are the benefits of it for environmental conservation?
(1) Algae store energy in the form of oils and carbohydrates thus biofuels per acre per year yield is high.
(2) Algae consume CO2 thus reduces greenhouse gases.
(3) Algae thrive in nutrient-rich waters like municipal waste waters and can help in its purification.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

With reference to Acid Rain, consider the following statements:
(1) The emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide are the main reasons for acid rain
(2) The ions of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium fall as dry deposition.
(3) About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements with respect to Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974:
(1) Water Act is enacted with the aim of only prevention and control of water pollution in India.
(2) The Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants into water bodies beyond a given standard, and lays down penalties for non-compliance.
(3) This Act provides for a levy and collection of cess on water consumed by industries and local authorities.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(A) 2 and 3 only
(B) 1 only
(C) 1 and 2 only
(D) 1 and 3 only

Consider the followings with respect to Environmental Impact Assessment:
(1) It is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development.
(2) Itis taking into accountinter-related socioeconomic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
(3) It is a tool used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision making.
(4) It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1, 3 and 4 only
(B) 1 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1,2,3 and 4

Consider the following pairs:
(1) Dudhwa National Park : Uttarakhand
(2) Guindy National Park : Tamil Nadu
(3) Chandaka Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary : Madhya Pradesh
(4) Kanha National Park : Uttar Pradesh
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only

Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(1) Desert plants have special photosynthetic pathway that enables stomata to remain closed during day time.
(2) Desert plants, like Opuntia, have no leaves and the photosynthetic function is taken over by the flattened stems.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, consider the following statements:
(1) It is located in the state of Tamil Nadu.
(2) It is a protected ecological portion in the Nelliampathy – Anamalai Hills of the Southern Western Ghats in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements regarding the sea grasses:
(1) They are the only group of higher plants adapted to life in the salt water.
(2) They grow in shallow coastal waters with sandy or muddy bottoms.
(3) The seagrass meadows in India occurs in majority along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands than the coastal states.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding the insectivorous plants:
(1) They are associated with rain washed, nutrient poor soils.
(2) The active insectivorous plants have a pitcher like structure to trap the insects.
(3) They threaten the native plants and animals or other aspects of biodiversity.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are incorrect?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only

Consider the following statements regarding ocean acidification:
(1) It is caused due to a decrease in uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the ocean.
(2) The bicarbonate ions produced due to the reaction of carbonate ions with the air at the upper surface of the ocean, during upwelling, reduce ocean acidification.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements:
(1) It reduces the cost of cultivation.
(2) It is focused on intercropping and drip irrigation practice.
(3) There is zero use of inorganic fertilizers.
(4) Better aeration and more penetration of sunlight favor higher sugar content.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/ are the significances of “Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative”?
(A) 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
(1) This non-binding document recognised for the first time the need for conservation of biological diversity.
(2) It covers all ecosystems, species and genetic resources.
(3) It provides for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding the National Tiger Conservation Authority:
(1) It is a statutory body to implement the measures for conservation of tigers.
(2) It approves the tiger conservation plans prepared by state governments.
(3) It carries the tiger census every four years.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following are components of Integrated Watershed Development Programme?
(1) Introduction of multi-cropping and diverse agro-based activities.
(2) To link the country”s perennial rivers with seasonal rivers.
(3) Increasing the productivity of crops.
(4) To regenerate natural vegetation.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements regarding the selection criteria for the Biosphere Reserve sites:
(1) Rare and endangered species
(2) Diversity of soil and micro-climatic conditions
(3) Protected and minimally disturbed core area
(4) Additional land and water suitable for research and demonstration of sustainable methods of research and management.
Which of the criteria given above are correct?
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 3 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

With reference to zero tillage farming practice, consider the following statements:
(1) It is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil.
(2) This farming method prohibits the use of synthetic macronutrients.
(3) This farming practice has carbon sequestration potential.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1,2 and 3.

Consider the following pairs:
Biosphere Reserve/ National Park : Rivers
(1) Hemis National Park : Rumbok River
(2) Melghat Tiger Reserve : Tapi River
(3) Nagarhole National Park : Musi River
Which of the pair(s) given above is/are correctly matched?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only

Consider the following statements regarding the Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD):
(1) It is caused due to global warming as well as bacterial diseases.
(2) It causes reduction or loss of worker bee population.
(3) It affects the pollination and may further cause a threat to human population.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following pairs:
National Parks : State
(1) Anshi National park : Karnataka
(2) Balpakram National Park : Manipur
(3) Bandhavgarh National Park : Madhya Pradesh
(4) Mollem National Park : Goa
Which of the pair(s) given above is/are not correctly matched?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 3 and 4 only

With reference to Small Farmers” Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC), consider the following statements:
(1) It is the Society focused on increasing incomes of small and marginal farmers through aggregation and development of agribusiness.
(2) It is an implementing agency of the National Agriculture Market Electronic Trading (e-NAM) platform.
(3) It offers short term loans to marginal farmers and agricultural labourers.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 3 only

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the “Forest Carbon Partnership Facility”?
(1) It is a global partnership of governments, businesses, civil society and indigenous people.
(2) It provides financial aid to universities, individual scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation technologies for sustainable forest management.
(3) It assists the countries in their Reducing Emissions from Deforestation (REDD+) efforts by providing them with financial and technical assistance.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding “Hyacinth macaw”, which has been seen in the news:
(1) They are parrots which is native to central and eastern South America.
(2) They are classified as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red book.
(3) It is protected by its listing on Appendix I of the CITES.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

With reference to the tiger conservation efforts, consider the following statements:
(1) M-STrIPES is an initiative launched by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
(2) The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) program is an initiative of the World Bank.
(3) Slogan “T X 2” was evolved at the Petersburg Tiger Summit in 2010.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

With reference to the Asiatic wild dog, Consider the following statements:
(1) It is an apex social carnivore in the tropical forests of South and South East Asia.
(2) It is a critically endangered species.
(3) In India, the first conservation breeding centre for dhole was built at the Indira Gandhi Zoological Park (IGZP).
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

With reference to the “Not all animals migrate by choice”, consider the following statements:
(1) It is launched jointly by UN Environment India and Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) of India.
(2) The campaign complements worldwide action on illegal trade in wildlife.
(3) In the first phase of the campaign, Tiger, Pangolin, Star Tortoise and Tokay Gecko have been chosen for conservation.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1,2 and 3

With reference to the Indian peacock soft-shell turtle, Consider the following statements:
(1) It is a riverine turtle endemic to India only.
(2) They are generally omnivorous.
(3) It is vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 2 and 3 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding “Pangolin”:
(1) It is the only scaly mammal on the planet.
(2) Chinese pangolin has been listed as “critically endangered” by IUCN.
(3) Indian pangolin is a Schedule I category protected animal, under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS):
(1) The Mission aims at the establishment of 15 Technology Innovation Hubs across the country.
(2) It will be implemented by the Department of Science &Technology .
(3) The mission aims to provide free broadband connectivity in the coastal regions.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

The initiative “United for Biodiversity” has been launched by:
(A) US Government
(B) European Commission
(C) World Wildlife Fund
(D) UNEP

Consider the following statements regarding Pinanga Andamanensis, the endemic palms of the Andaman Islands:
(1) It is an IUCN critically endangered species.
(2) The name of it is derived from “Penang”, the modern-day Malaysian state.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements regarding Indian bison:
(1) It is Native to South and Southeast Asia.
(2) In India, they are found in Nagarhole, Bandipur, Masinagudi National Parks mainly.
(3) It is vulnerable in the IUCN Red List.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

The region which has been declared as “Protected Special Agricultural Zone” is:
(A) Kaziranga National Park
(B) Eastern Ghats
(C) Kerala
(D) Cauvery Delta

Consider the following statements regarding Madhav National Park:
(1) It was named after Madho Rao Scindia, the Maharaja of Gwalior.
(2) The vegetation here is a combination of dry deciduous & dry thorn forests.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Sometimes, Frontier Highway project is seen in the news, It lies on:
(A) India – Bangladesh Border
(B) India – Tibet Border
(C) India – Nepal Border
(D) Mumbai – Chennai highway

Consider the following statements regarding “ Cheetah” animal:
(1) It is the world”s fastest land mammal.
(2) It is listed as vulnerable in IUCN red-listed species.
(3) It was declared extinct in India in 1952.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements regarding Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs):
(1) They are notified by respective state governments.
(2) Every activity is prohibited in ESZs including agriculture.
(3) ESZ”s act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 3 only
(D) 1 and 3 only

The EDISON Alliance has been launched by:
(A) World Health Organization
(B) World Bank
(C) Asian Development Bank
(D) World Economic Forum

With reference to the estimates by the Global Risks Report 2021, Consider the following statements:
(1) The extreme weather and climate action failure are most likelihood risks of the next decade.
(2) The infectious diseases is the most impact risk of the next decade.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the One Person Companies (OPCs) rules in India, Consider the following statements:
(1) Any person, who is an Indian citizen, whether resident in India or otherwise is allowed to form an OPC.
(2) Conversion of OPC into a Public company is allowed only after two years of the incorporation of the OPC.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

The Budget 2021-22 has proposed a single Securities Markets Code by consolidation of which of the following law(s)?
(1) Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority Act, 2013
(2) Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
(3) Depositories Act, 1996
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All of the above

With reference to the Report of the Fifteenth Finance Commission (XVFC), Consider the following statements:
(1) It has recommended a vertical devolution at 41 per cent from the divisible pool of taxes.
(2) It has proposed a Modernisation Fund for Defence and Internal Security (MFDIS) under the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) It has recommended an All India Medical and Health Service under the All-India Services Act, 1951.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All of the above

With reference to the PNEUMOSIL, Consider the following statements:
(1) It is India”s first indigenously developed pneumococcal vaccine.
(2) It is not suitable for children and develops immune response only above 18-year-old adults.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020, Consider the following statements:
(1) The central government may regulate the supply of certain food items in times of natural calamity.
(2) The any Central Government action of imposing any stock limit on agricultural produce must be based on price rise.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Consider the following statements:
(1) It requires each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that it intends to achieve.
(2) Starting in 2023 and then every five years, governments will take stock of the implementation of the Agreement to assess the collective progress under the agreement.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

The objective of the annual India-USA Executive Steering Group (ESG) Meeting is:
(A) Implementation of bilateral trade arrangements
(B) Plan Head of State/Government summits
(C) Cooperation in agriculture and pharmaceuticals
(D) Plan and discuss defense force”s cooperation

With reference to the scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI), Consider the following statements:
(1) It aims to preserve heritage of traditional arts and crafts of minority communities.
(2) The artisans are organized into Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which can be a Producer Company under Companies Act, 2013.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021, Consider the following statements:
(1) Significant social media intermediaries are to enable identification of the first originator of the information for investigation to authorities.
(2) The Central Board of Film Certification will classify the content on OTT platforms into age- based categories.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Recently, City Innovation Exchange (CiX) platform has been launched, Consider the following statements regarding it:
(1) It will connect cities to innovators across the national ecosystem to design innovative solutions for their pressing challenges.
(2) It is to be used as a platform for trading of Municipal bonds.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Select the government entities which are brought together through the PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) platform?
(1) Prime Ministers Office
(2) Ministry of Home Affairs
(3) Chief Secretaries of States
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All of the above

With reference to the Technological Advancement for Rural Areas (TARA) scheme, Consider the following statements:
(1) It aims to provide short term core support to Science based Voluntary Organizations to promote and nurture them as incubators in rural areas.
(2) It is being implemented by the Science for Equity, Empowerment, and Development (SEED) Division, Department of Science & Technology (DST).
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Nurturing Neighborhoods Challenge, Consider the following statements:
(1) It aims to provide technical support and capacity-building to develop solutions that enhance the quality of life of young children in cities.
(2) Only the Smart Cities under the Smart City mission are eligible for the challenge.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Telecom and Networking Products, Consider the following statements:
(1) Eligibility for support under the Scheme will be subject to achievement of a minimum threshold of investment and sales of manufactured goods in past.
(2) The scheme is focused on domestic consumption and does not promote export of the products.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (“SANKALP”) programme, Consider the following statements:
(1) It is a programme of the Ministry of Skill Development with loan assistance from the World Bank.
(2) It aims to improve short term skill training by strengthening institutions and inclusion of marginalized sections of the society.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to the CHIRAAG project, Consider the following statements:
(1) It is being implemented in the Himalayan states of India.
(2) It aims to develop sustainable production systems that allow tribal households to practice round-the-year production of diversified and nutritious food.
(3) The project is being implemented through assistance from the World Bank.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) All of the above

With reference to the Employees” State Insurance Scheme of India, Consider the following statements :
(1) It is applicable to non-seasonal factories using power and employing ten or more persons.
(2) It is a self-financing health insurance scheme with contributions raised from employees and their employers as a fixed percentage of wages.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to DigiLocker, consider the following statements:
(1) It is an initiative under the Digital India program by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY).
(2) The issued documents in DigiLocker system are deemed to be at par with original physical documents.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

With reference to Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), Consider the following statements:
(1) It has exclusive right to conduct exploration for uranium in India.
(2) It has recently estimated presence of vast Lithium Reserves in Uttarakhand.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Select the correct statements with respect to Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT):
(1) It is an international project being funded by scientific organisations of Canada, China, India, Japan and the US.
(2) It is placed on Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii in the US state of Hawaii.
Correct codes:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements regarding Sample Registration System (SRS):
1. It is a demographic survey for providing reliable annual estimates of infant mortality rate, birth rate and death rate.
2. It is released by the Registrar General of India.
Select the correct codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Consider the following statements:
(1) Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization is an inter-governmental organization initiated by Indian Space Research Organization.
(2) Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum is governed by the China National Space Administration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) एशिया-प्रशांत अंतरिक्ष सहयोग संगठन एक अंतर-सरकारी संगठन है, जिसे भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन द्वारा शुरू किया गया है।
(2) एशिया-पैसिफिक रीजनल स्पेस एजेंसी फोरम का संचालन चीन के राष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष प्रशासन द्वारा किया जाता है।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 2
(C) 1 और 2 दोनों
(D) न तो 1 और न ही 2

Methanol (M-15) blended with petrol and used in the existing BS-IV standard cars have various advantages. In this context, what are the benefits of using methanol?
(1) Methanol offers excellent acceleration and power and also improves vehicle efficiency.
(2) Methanol produces fewer smog-causing emissions such as sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter.
(3) Unlike CNG, using methanol as a transportation fuel would require minimal alteration in the vehicles.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
मेथनॉल (M-15) पेट्रोल के साथ मिश्रित होती है और मौजूदा BS-IV मानक कारों में उपयोग किया जाता है, इसके विभिन्न फायदे हैं। इस संदर्भ में, मेथनॉल का उपयोग करने के क्या फायदे हैं?
(1) मेथनॉल उत्कृष्ट त्वरण और शक्ति प्रदान करता है और वाहन दक्षता में भी सुधार करता है।
(2) मेथनॉल सल्फर ऑक्साइड (SOx), नाइट्रोजन ऑक्साइड (NOx) और पार्टिकुलेट मैटर जैसे कम स्मॉग पैदा करने वाले उत्सर्जन का उत्पादन करता है।
(3) CNG के विपरीत, परिवहन ईंधन के रूप में मेथनॉल का उपयोग करने से वाहनों में न्यूनतम परिवर्तन की आवश्यकता होगी।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

In the context of the “Dachigam National Park”, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
(1) It is India”s first dedicated wildlife park for Clouded Leopards.
(2) The Hangul is the main animal species for which it is most famous for.
(3) It is often compared to the Grand Canyon National Park of United States.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
” दाचीगाम नेशनल पार्क ” के संदर्भ में , कभी-कभी समाचारों में देखा जाता है कि निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है / हैं?
(1) यह भारत के क्लाउडेड तेंदुए के लिए पहला समर्पित वन्यजीव पार्क है।
(2) हंगुल मुख्य पशु प्रजाति है जिसके लिए यह सबसे प्रसिद्ध है।
(3) इसकी तुलना अक्सर संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के ग्रैंड कैनियन नेशनल पार्क से की जाती है।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2
(C) 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Mangroves are trees or large shrubs which are salt-tolerant and grow in intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical regions.
Which among the following Indian states have prominent mangrove vegetation?
(1) Gujarat
(2) Goa
(3) West Bengal
(4) Maharashtra
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 3 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
मैंग्रोव पेड़ या बड़े झाड़ियाँ हैं जो साल्ट-टोलेरेंट हैं और उष्णकटिबंधीय और उपोष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों में इंटरटाइडल ज़ोन में बढ़ते हैं।
निम्नलिखित में से किस भारतीय राज्य में प्रमुख वनस्पतियाँ हैं?
(1) गुजरात
(2) गोवा
(3) पश्चिम बंगाल
(4) महाराष्ट्र
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 3
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 2, 3 और 4 केवल
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Mycorrhizae increase the capability of plant roots to absorb nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. In return, the roots of the host provide support and a constant supply of carbohydrates for consumption. The biotic interaction expressed by such behaviour is ____________.
(A) Mutualism
(B) Commensalism
(C) Amensalism
(D) Neutralism
माइकोराइजा नाइट्रोजन और फास्फोरस जैसे पोषक तत्वों को अवशोषित करने के लिए पौधों की जड़ों की क्षमता को बढ़ाता है। बदले में, मेजबान की जड़ें समर्थन और उपभोग के लिए कार्बोहाइड्रेट की निरंतर आपूर्ति प्रदान करती हैं। इस तरह के व्यवहार द्वारा व्यक्त की गई जैविक जुडाव ____________ होती है।
(A) परस्परवाद/ Mutualism
(B) कॉमेंसलिज्म
(C) एमेंसलिज्म
(D) तटस्थता/ Neutralism

Consider the following statements mentioning effects of “Global Warming” on agriculture sector:
(1) Warming of atmosphere by more than 3oC is expected to have negative effect on agricultural production all over the world.
(2) Moderate warming is expected to benefit crop yields in the temperate regions.
(3) Crop yield would be reduced in most tropical regions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
कृषि क्षेत्र पर ” ग्लोबल वार्मिंग ” के प्रभावों का उल्लेख करने वाले निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें :
(1) 3o C से अधिक वायुमंडल के गर्म होने से पूरी दुनिया में कृषि उत्पादन पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ने की उम्मीद है।
(2) शीतोष्ण क्षेत्रों में फसल की पैदावार में मध्यम गर्मी की उम्मीद है।
(3) अधिकांश उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों में फसल की पैदावार कम होगी।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 1 और 2
(C) 2 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

This protected site mostly consists of tropical forests along with unique genetic reservoir of cultivated plants like cardamom and pepper. It constitutes three wildlife sanctuaries and one tiger reserve. It is home to Kani tribes and occupies a prominent place in the epic Ramayana.
Which of the following protected areas could be this?
(A) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
(B) Pachmari Biosphere Reserve
(C) Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
(D) Achanakamar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
इस संरक्षित स्थल में ज्यादातर उष्णकटिबंधीय जंगलों के साथ-साथ इलायची और काली मिर्च जैसे खेती वाले पौधों के अनूठे आनुवंशिक भंडार हैं। इसमें तीन वन्यजीव अभयारण्य और एक बाघ अभयारण्य है। यह कानी जनजातियों का घर है और महाकाव्य रामायण में प्रमुख स्थान रखता है।
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा संरक्षित क्षेत्र यह हो सकता है?
(A) नीलगिरि बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व
(B) पचमरी बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व
(C) अगस्त्यमलाई बायोस्फियर रिजर्व
(D) अचनकमार-अमरकंटक बायोस्फीयर रिजर्व

National Green Tribunal (NGT) was formed for effective and expeditious disposal of litigations/cases related to environment.
Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to NGT?
(A) NGT is mandated to dispose of the cases within 6 months of their respective appeals.
(B) India is only the third country in the world to have a dedicated green tribunal.
(C) It has jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases where a substantial question of environment is concerned.
(D) The Principal Bench of the NGT has been established in the National Capital – New Delhi.
नेशनल ग्रीन ट्रिब्यूनल (NGT) का गठन पर्यावरण से संबंधित मुकदमों / मामलों के प्रभावी और त्वरित निपटान के लिए किया गया था।
एनजीटी के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही नहीं है?
(A) एनजीटी को उनके संबंधित अपील के 6 महीने के भीतर मामलों को निपटाने के लिए अनिवार्य किया गया है।
(B) भारत दुनिया का केवल तीसरा देश है जिसके पास एक समर्पित हरित अधिकरण है।
(सी) इसमें सभी नागरिक और आपराधिक मामलों पर अधिकार क्षेत्र है जहां पर्यावरण का एक बड़ा सवाल है।
(D) एनजीटी की प्रधान पीठ राष्ट्रीय राजधानी – नई दिल्ली में स्थापित की गई है।

Which of the following features has been recognized for the first time by “National Wildlife Action Plan” in its 2017-2031 edition?
(A) Landscape Approach in conservation of wildlife which have an ecological value.
(B) Increased participation of Private Sector in wildlife conservation
(C) Integrating climate change mitigation efforts with wildlife management planning.
(D) Wildlife health and control of illegal trade in wildlife.
2017-2031 के संस्करण में ” राष्ट्रीय वन्यजीव कार्य योजना ” द्वारा पहली बार निम्न में से किस विशेषता को मान्यता दी गई है ?
(A) वन्यजीवों के संरक्षण में लैंडस्केप दृष्टिकोण जिसका पारिस्थितिक मूल्य है।
(B) वन्यजीव संरक्षण में निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी में वृद्धि
(C) वन्यजीव प्रबंधन योजना के साथ जलवायु परिवर्तन शमन प्रयासों को एकीकृत करना।
(D) वन्यजीव स्वास्थ्य और वन्य जीवन में अवैध व्यापार पर नियंत्रण।

A woman visited a few Indian states in a particular sequence during her official tour. She encountered one unique wildlife species in each state in the following order:
(1) Asiatic Lion
(2) Hangul
(3) Red Panda
(4) Great Indian Bustard
Select the correct order of the Indian states visited by the woman from the code given below:
(A) Rajasthan – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh – Gujarat
(B) Gujarat – Arunachal Pradesh – Jammu & Kashmir – Rajasthan
(C) Gujarat – Rajasthan – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh
(D) Gujarat – Jammu & Kashmir – Arunachal Pradesh – Rajasthan
एक महिला ने अपने आधिकारिक दौरे के दौरान कुछ भारतीय राज्यों का दौरा किया। उसने निम्नलिखित क्रम में प्रत्येक राज्य में एक अद्वितीय वन्यजीव प्रजाति का सामना किया:
(1) एशियाई शेर
(2) हंगुल
(3) रेड पांडा
(4) ग्रेट इंडियन बस्टर्ड
नीचे दिए गए कोड से महिला द्वारा देखे गए भारतीय राज्यों के सही क्रम का चयन करें:
(A) राजस्थान – जम्मू और कश्मीर – अरुणाचल प्रदेश – गुजरात
(B) गुजरात – अरुणाचल प्रदेश – जम्मू और कश्मीर – राजस्थान
(C) गुजरात – राजस्थान – जम्मू और कश्मीर – अरुणाचल प्रदेश
(D) गुजरात – जम्मू और कश्मीर – अरुणाचल प्रदेश – राजस्थान

Consider the following statements with reference to “Protected Areas” in India:
(1) The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for the declaration of certain areas as Wildlife Sanctuary by the State Governments.
(2) Declaration of a national park is done by the Union Government only under the Environment Protection Act of 1986.
(3) National Parks enjoy a greater degree of protection than wildlife sanctuaries.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
भारत में ” संरक्षित क्षेत्रों ” के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें :
(1) वन्यजीव (संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 1972 राज्य सरकारों द्वारा वन्यजीव अभयारण्य के रूप में कुछ क्षेत्रों की घोषणा के लिए प्रदान करता है।
(2) राष्ट्रीय उद्यान की घोषणा केंद्र सरकार द्वारा केवल 1986 के पर्यावरण संरक्षण अधिनियम के तहत की जाती है।
(3) राष्ट्रीय उद्यान वन्यजीव अभयारण्यों की तुलना में अधिक सुरक्षा का आनंद लेते हैं।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 1 और 2
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) केवल 2 और 3

Consider the following statements about “Joint Forest Management” (JFM) in Indian context:
(1) The objectives of JFM find no mention in the National Forest Policy of 1988.
(2) Under JFM, village communities are entrusted with protection and management of nearby forests.
(3) Forest departments with the help of local community form a committee to manage and protect forests.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
भारतीय संदर्भ में ” संयुक्त वन प्रबंधन ” (JFM) के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें :
(1) JFM के उद्देश्यों का 1988 की राष्ट्रीय वन नीति में कोई उल्लेख नहीं है।
(2) जेएफएम के तहत, ग्राम समुदायों को आस-पास के जंगलों के संरक्षण और प्रबंधन का काम सौंपा जाता है।
(3) वन विभाग स्थानीय समुदाय की मदद से वनों के प्रबंधन और सुरक्षा के लिए एक समिति बनाते हैं।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है?
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) 1 और 3 केवल
(C) 2 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Consider the following statements about “Animal Welfare Board of India”:
(1) It is a statutory body established under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
(2) Shrimati Rukmini Devi Arundale was a major contributor in setting up of the Animal Welfare Board.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
” भारत के पशु कल्याण बोर्ड के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें ” :
(1) यह वन्यजीव संरक्षण अधिनियम, 1972 के तहत स्थापित एक वैधानिक निकाय है ।
(2) पशु कल्याण बोर्ड की स्थापना में श्रीमती रुक्मिणी देवी अरुंडेल का प्रमुख योगदान था।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 2
(C) 1 और 2 दोनों
(D) न तो 1 और न ही 2

The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is a key piece of forest legislation passed in India.
Which of the following rights are secured under it?
(1) Rights to hold and live in the forest land under the individual or common occupation for habitation.
(2) Access to collect, use and dispose off major forest produce.
(3) Habitat rights for primitive tribal groups and pre-agricultural communities.
(4) Right to protect, regenerate, conserve or manage certain community forest resources.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
अनुसूचित जनजातियाँ और अन्य पारंपरिक वन निवासी (वन अधिकारों की मान्यता) अधिनियम, 2006 भारत में पारित वन कानून का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है।
इसके अंतर्गत कौन से अधिकार सुरक्षित हैं?
(1) बस्ती के लिए व्यक्तिगत या आम व्यवसाय के तहत वन भूमि में रहने का अधिकार।
(2) प्रमुख वनोपजों को इकट्ठा करने, उपयोग करने और निपटाने के लिए प्रवेश।
(3) आदिम जनजातीय समूहों और पूर्व-कृषि समुदायों के लिए आवास अधिकार।
(4) कुछ सामुदायिक वन संसाधनों की सुरक्षा, पुन: निर्माण, संरक्षण या प्रबंधन का अधिकार।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 3
(B) 1, 2 और 4 केवल
(C) केवल 1, 3 और 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Which of the following are the impacts of soil pollution?
(1) Toxins enter in the food chain which causes harmful effects on organisms.
(2) Impairs soil stability and clay ionic structure.
(3) Release vapors and hydrocarbon into buildings and cellars.
(4) Pass the pollutants on to the consumers through food crops.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
निम्नलिखित में से कौन मिट्टी प्रदूषण के प्रभाव हैं?
( 1 ) विषाक्त पदार्थ खाद्य श्रृंखला में प्रवेश करते हैं जो जीवों पर हानिकारक प्रभाव का कारण बनता है।
(2) मिट्टी की स्थिरता और मिट्टी की आयनिक संरचना।
(3) इमारतों और तहखानों में वाष्प और हाइड्रोकार्बन छोड़ें।
(4) उपभोक्ताओं को खाद्य फसलों के माध्यम से प्रदूषकों को छोड़े।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2, 3 और 4
(C) केवल 1, 3 और 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Consider the following statements with respect to the Project Elephant:
(1) It is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 1992.
(2) The Project is being implemented in all the States of India.
(3) The first elephant reserve was the Singhbhum elephant Reserve of Jharkhand.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
परियोजना हाथी के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(१) यह 1992 में शुरू की गई केंद्र प्रायोजित योजना है ।
(2) परियोजना भारत के सभी राज्यों में कार्यान्वित की जा रही है।
(3) पहला हाथी रिजर्व झारखंड का सिंहभूम हाथी रिजर्व था।
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा कथन गलत है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 2
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) केवल 2 और 3

Consider the following pairs: Population Interaction:
(1) Parasitism : Both the species are benefitted
(2) Competition : Both the species are harmed
(3) Commensalism : One species is harmed and the other is unaffected
(4) Amensalism : One species is benefitted and the other is unaffected
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1, 2 and 3 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
निम्नलिखित जोड़े पर विचार करें: जनसंख्या सहभागिता :
(1) परजीवीवाद : दोनों प्रजातियाँ लाभान्वित होती हैं
(2) प्रतियोगिता : दोनों प्रजातियों को नुकसान पहुँचाया जाता है
(3) कमेंसलिज्म : एक प्रजाति को नुकसान पहुंचाया जाता है और दूसरा अप्रभावित रहता है
(4) एमेंसलिज्म : एक प्रजाति लाभान्वित होती है और दूसरी अप्रभावित
उपरोक्त में से कौन सी जोड़ी सही ढंग से मेल खाती है / हैं?
(A) केवल 2
(B) 1, 2 और 3 केवल
(C) 2, 3 और 4 केवल
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

With reference to keystone species, consider the following statements:
(1) A keystone species exhibits disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
(2) Tigers are keystone species as they determine the species composition in a forest.
(3) The species are exclusively native to the particular region.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
कीस्टोन प्रजाति के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) कीस्टोन प्रजाति अपने बहुतायत के सापेक्ष अपने पर्यावरण पर असमान रूप से बड़ा प्रभाव दिखाती है।
(2) बाघ कीस्टोन प्रजातियां हैं क्योंकि वे एक जंगल में प्रजातियों की संरचना का निर्धारण करते हैं।
(3) प्रजातियां विशेष रूप से विशेष क्षेत्र की मूल निवासी हैं।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Consider the following statements regarding the International Whaling Commission (IWC):
(1) India is a member state.
(2) International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is the legal framework which established the IWC in 1946.
(3) Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary is one of the sanctuaries designated by IWC.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्हेलिंग आयोग (IWC) के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) भारत एक सदस्य राज्य है।
(2) व्हेलिंग के विनियमन के लिए अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन कानूनी ढांचा है जिसने 1946 में IWC की स्थापना की थी।
(3) हिंद महासागर व्हेल अभयारण्य IWC द्वारा नामित अभयारण्यों में से एक है।
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा कथन सही है?
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Consider the following statements regarding a conservation site in India:
(1) It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
(2) Home to nearly two-thirds of the world”s population of the one horned rhinoceros
(3) It is also a tiger reserve.
Which of the following National Parks does the above statements refer to?
(A) Kaziranga National Park
(B) Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
(C) Manas National Park
(D) Nokrek National Park
भारत में एक संरक्षण स्थल के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) यह यूनेस्को की विश्व धरोहर स्थल है
(2) दुनिया के एक सींग वाला गैंडा की लगभग दो-तिहाई आबादी के लिए घर |
(3) यह भी एक बाघ अभयारण्य है।
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान है?
(A) काजीरंगा राष्ट्रीय उद्यान
(B) डिब्रू-साइखोवा नेशनल पार्क
(C) मानस नेशनल पार्क
(D) नोकरेक नेशनल पार्क

With reference to productivity, consider the following statements:
(1) Net primary productivity (NPP) of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis.
(2) Net primary productivity (NPP) plus respiration losses (R), is the Gross primary productivity (GPP). Select the incorrect answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
उत्पादकता के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) एक पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की शुद्ध प्राथमिक उत्पादकता (एनपीपी) प्रकाश संश्लेषण के दौरान कार्बनिक पदार्थों के उत्पादन की दर है।
(2) शुद्ध प्राथमिक उत्पादकता (एनपीपी) प्लस श्वसन हानि (आर), सकल प्राथमिक उत्पादकता (जीपीपी) होती है। नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग करके गलत उत्तर चुनें:
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 2
(C) 1 और 2 दोनों
(D) न तो 1 और न ही 2

Consider the following statements related to environmental treaties:
(1) The Aichi targets aim at addressing the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society.
(2) Nagoya Protocol aims to achieve the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.
(3) The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety let countries ban imports of genetically modified organisms if they feel there is not enough scientific evidence that the product is safe.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
पर्यावरण संधियों से संबंधित निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) Aichi का लक्ष्य सरकार और समाज में जैव विविधता की मुख्यधारा द्वारा जैव विविधता के नुकसान के अंतर्निहित कारणों को संबोधित करना है।
(2) नागोया प्रोटोकॉल का उद्देश्य आनुवांशिक संसाधनों के उपयोग से उत्पन्न होने वाले लाभों का उचित और न्यायसंगत साझाकरण प्राप्त करना है।
(3) जीविका पर कार्टाजेना प्रोटोकॉल देशों को आनुवंशिक रूप से संशोधित जीवों के आयात पर प्रतिबंध लगाता है अगर उन्हें लगता है कि उत्पाद के सुरक्षित होने के पर्याप्त वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण नहीं हैं।
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा कथन सही है?
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Which of the following is/are correct about Solid Wastes Treatment methodologies?
(1) Incineration is a process of combustion in absence of oxygen or the material burnt in controlled atmosphere of oxygen.
(2) Pyrolysis is a process where huge amount of wastes are burnt in blast furnaces at high temperature.
(3) Composting is a process where bacteria and fungi decompose degradable waste into humus.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा ठोस अपशिष्ट उपचार विधियों के बारे में सही है / हैं?
(1) दहन की प्रक्रिया ऑक्सीजन की अनुपस्थिति में होती है या जला हुआ पदार्थ ऑक्सीजन के नियंत्रित वातावरण में होती है।
(2) पायरोलिसिस एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जिसमें उच्च तापमान पर ब्लास्ट फर्नेस में भारी मात्रा में कचरे को जलाया जाता है।
(3) कंपोस्टिंग एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें बैक्टीरिया और फफूंद सड़ कर बेकार हो जाते हैं।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2
(C) 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Consider the following pairs:
Type of Ecosystem : Type of Pyramid
(1) Grassland ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of number
(2) Aquatic ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of biomass
(3) Forest ecosystem : Upright pyramid of number
(4) Desert ecosystem : Inverted pyramid of energy
Which of the above pairs are incorrectly matched?
(A) 1, 2 and 3 only
(B) 2, 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
निम्नलिखित युग्मों पर विचार करें:
पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र के प्रकार: पिरामिड का प्रकार
(1) ग्रासलैंड पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र : उल्टा संख्या पिरामिड
(2) जलीय पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र : उल्टा बायोमास पिरामिड
(3) वन पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र : सीधा संख्या पिरामिड
(4) डेजर्ट पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र : उल्टा ऊर्जा पिरामिड
उपरोक्त में से कौन सी जोड़ी गलत तरीके से मेल की हुई है?
(A) केवल 1, 2 और 3
(B) केवल 2, 3 और 4
(C) केवल 1, 3 और 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Consider the following statements with respect to the “Ecological Footprint”:
(1) The Ecological Footprint measures the capability of a country to meet its emission targets based on the available forest cover and environmental related policy framework.
(2) The Ecological Footprint represents the productive area required to provide the renewable resources humanity is using and to absorb its waste.
(3) The productive area occupied by human infrastructure is not included in calculation as it does not depict energy resources.
(4) India has the largest ecological footprint in the world followed by US and China.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
(A) 2 only
(B) 1 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only
” पारिस्थितिक पदचिह्न ” के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें :
(1) पारिस्थितिक पदचिह्न किसी देश की उपलब्ध वन कवर और पर्यावरण संबंधी नीतिगत रूपरेखा के आधार पर अपने उत्सर्जन लक्ष्यों को पूरा करने की क्षमता को मापता है।
(2) पारिस्थितिक पदचिह्न उस उत्पादक क्षेत्र का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है, जो आवश्यक नवीकरणीय संसाधनों का उपयोग करने के लिए उपलब्ध कर रहा है जो मानवता उपयोग करती है और यह इसके कचरे को अवशोषित भी क्र्त्यी है।
(3) मानव अवसंरचना के कब्जे वाले उत्पादक क्षेत्र को गणना में शामिल नहीं किया गया है क्योंकि यह ऊर्जा संसाधनों को चित्रित नहीं करता है।
(4) भारत में अमेरिका और चीन के बाद दुनिया में सबसे बड़ा पारिस्थितिक पदचिह्न है।
उपरोक्त में से कौन सा कथन गलत है / हैं?
(A) केवल 2
(B) 1 और 4 केवल
(C) 2, 3 और 4 केवल
(D) 1, 3 और 4 केवल

Consider the following statements regarding the process of succession:
(1) It occurs faster in area existing in the middle of the large continent.
(2) Succession brought by living inhabitants of the community itself is called allogenic succession.
(3) Secondary succession is relatively faster as compared to primary succession.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 3 only
उत्तराधिकार की प्रक्रिया के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) यह बड़े महाद्वीप के मध्य में मौजूद क्षेत्र में तेजी से होता है।
(2) समुदाय के जीवित निवासियों द्वारा लाए गए उत्तराधिकार को ही एलोजेनिक उत्तराधिकार कहा जाता है।
(3) प्राथमिक उत्तराधिकार की तुलना में माध्यमिक उत्तराधिकार अपेक्षाकृत तेज है।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 2
(C) 1 और 3 केवल
(D) केवल 2 और 3

The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under National Lake Conservation Policy (NLCP), the definition of “Lakes” includes the standing water bodies which have,
(1) Minimum water depth of 3 meter
(2) A spread of more than ten hectares
(3) Have no or very little aquatic vegetation (macrophytes)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) None of the above
राष्ट्रीय झील संरक्षण नीति ( NLCP ) के तहत पर्यावरण, वन और जलवायु परिवर्तन मंत्रालय (MoEFCC), ” झीलों ” की परिभाषा में स्थायी जल निकाय शामिल हैं जो हैं
(1) न्यूनतम 3 मीटर पानी की गहराई
(2) दस हेक्टेयर से अधिक का फैलाव
(3) कोई नहीं या बहुत कम जलीय वनस्पति है (मैक्रोफाइट)
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही उत्तर का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 2 और 3
(C) 1, 2 और 3
(D) उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct regarding the mangroves?
(1) They are categorised under the tropical moist deciduous forests in India.
(2) The best locations for them are where abundant silt is brought down by rivers.
(3) They require high solar radiations and absorbs fresh water from saline water.
(4) Pneumatophores are the major adoptions to overcome the respiratory problem in the anaerobic soil conditions.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 1, 3 and 4 only
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन मैंग्रोव के संबंध में सही है / हैं?
(1) उन्हें भारत में उष्णकटिबंधीय नम पर्णपाती जंगलों के तहत वर्गीकृत किया गया है।
(2) उनके लिए सबसे अच्छे स्थान हैं जहाँ नदियों द्वारा प्रचुर मात्रा में गाद लाई जाती है।
(3) उन्हें उच्च सौर विकिरणों की आवश्यकता होती है और खारे पानी से ताजे पानी को अवशोषित करते हैं।
(4) एनारोबिक मिट्टी की स्थितियों में श्वसन संबंधी समस्या को दूर करने के लिए न्यूमेटोफोरस प्रमुख अंग हैं।
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही उत्तर का चयन:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) 1, 3 और 4 केवल
(C) 2, 3 और 4 केवल
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Consider the following statements regarding estuaries:
(1) It is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers flowing into it.
(2) They are the most productive water bodies in the world.
(3) Most of India”s major estuaries occur on the west coast.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
एस्तुरीज़ के संबंध में निम्‍नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) यह एक अर्द्ध-संलग्न तटीय जल है जिसमें एक या अधिक नदियाँ बहती हैं।
(2) वे दुनिया में सबसे अधिक उत्पादक जल निकाय हैं।
(3) भारत के अधिकांश प्रमुख ज्वारनदमुख पश्चिमी तट पर पाए जाते हैं।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1
(B) केवल 1 और 2
(C) 2 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Which of the following pairs are not correctly matched regarding the aquatic organisms?
(1) Plankton – Microscopic plants and animals.
(2) Nekton – Animals which can swim
(3) Neuston – Organisms found on the bottom of the water body.
(4) Benthos – Floating organisms inhabiting the surface layer
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 3 and 4 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा युग्म जलीय जीवों के संबंध में सही ढंग से मेल नहीं खाता है?
(1) प्लेंक्टन – सूक्ष्म पौधे और जानवर।
(2) नेकटन – जानवर जो तैर ​​सकते हैं
(3) नीस्टोन – जल निकाय के तल पर पाए जाने वाले जीव।
(4) बेंथोस – सतह की परत में रहने वाले जीव
नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग कर सही जवाब का चयन करें:
(A) केवल 1 और 2
(B) केवल 3 और 4
(C) 1, 3 और 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 और 4

Consider the following statements regarding the algal bloom:
(1) It takes place on the surface layer of the water ecosystem.
(2) It reduces the nutrients in the water, thus causing the death of aquatic plants.
(3) Warm water is more conducive to algal blooms than the cold water.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(A) 1 and 3 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
एल्गल ब्लूम के बारे में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
(1) यह जल पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की सतही परत पर होता है।
(2) यह पानी में पोषक तत्वों को कम करता है, जिससे जलीय पौधों की मृत्यु हो जाती है।
(3) ठंडे पानी की तुलना में गर्म पानी एल्गल ब्लूम के लिए अधिक अनुकूल है।
ऊपर दिए गए कथनों में से कौन सा सही है / हैं?
(A) केवल 1 और 3
(B) केवल 2
(C) 2 और 3 केवल
(D) 1, 2 और 3

Consider the following characteristics of an ecosystem in India:
(1) It is home to some of India”s most magnificent grasslands.
(2) It is the nesting ground of Flamingos.
(3) The only known population of Asiatic Wild Ass lies here.
(4) It has been identified as one of the last remaining habitats of Cheetah in India.
The characteristics given above describes which of the following area?
(A) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
(B) Nilgiri Hills
(C) Great Rann of Kachchh
(D) Coromandel Coasts
भारत में एक पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र की निम्नलिखित विशेषताओं पर विचार करें:
(1) यह भारत के सबसे शानदार घास के मैदानों के लिए घर है ।
(2) यह फ्लेमिंगो का घोंसला मैदान है।
(3) एशियाई जंगली गधे की एकमात्र ज्ञात आबादी यहाँ है।
(4) इसे भारत में चीता के शेष बचे आवासों में से एक के रूप में पहचाना गया है।
ऊपर दी गई विशेषताएँ निम्नलिखित में से किस क्षेत्र का वर्णन करती हैं?
(A) मानस वन्यजीव अभयारण्य
(B) नीलगिरी हिल्स
(C) कच्छ के ग्रेट रण
(D) कोरोमंडल तट